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The British one pound (£1) coin is a denomination of the pound sterling. Its obverse has featured the profile of Queen Elizabeth II since the coin's introduction on 9 February 1983. Three different portraits of the Queen have been used, with the latest design by Ian Rank-Broadley being introduced in 1998. The current standard reverse, featuring the Royal Shield, was introduced in 2008. In addition to the standard reverse one or two new designs are minted each year. The coin was introduced on 9 February 1983 to replace the Bank of England one pound note which ceased to be issued at the end of 1984 and was removed from circulation on 11 March 1988, though still redeemable at the Bank's offices, like all English banknotes. One-pound notes continue to be issued in Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man, and by the Royal Bank of Scotland, but the pound coin is much more widely used. As of March 2013 there were an estimated 1,528 million £1 coins in circulation with an estimated face value of £1,528,274,000.〔(Estimated Coins in Circulation ), Royal Mint〕 The Royal Mint estimates that 3.04% are counterfeit.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 £1 Counterfeit Coins )〕 In 2017, a new 12-sided design is to be introduced. The coin is to be of a similar 12-sided shape to the pre-decimal brass threepence coin, have roughly the same size as the current £1 coin and will be bi-metallic like the current £2 coin. The new design is intended to make counterfeiting more difficult, also via an undisclosed hidden security feature.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 The New One Pound Coin )〕 == Design == To date, three different obverses have been used. In all cases, the inscription is , where 2013 is replaced by the year of minting. A fourth design was unveiled in March 2015.〔 In summary; * In 1983 and 1984 the portrait of Queen Elizabeth II by Arnold Machin appeared on the obverse, in which the Queen wears the 'Girls of Great Britain and Ireland' Tiara. * Between 1985 and 1997 the portrait by Raphael Maklouf was used,〔 in which the Queen wears the George IV State Diadem. * Since 1998 the portrait by Ian Rank-Broadley has been used,〔 again featuring the tiara, with a signature-mark below the portrait. * From 2015 a portrait by Jody Clark was introduced, in which the Queen wears the George IV State Diadem, with a signature-mark below the portrait. In August 2005 the Royal Mint launched a competition to find new reverse designs for all circulating coins apart from the £2 coin.〔("Royal Mint seeks new coin designs" ), BBC News, 17 August 2005〕 The winner, announced in April 2008, was Matthew Dent, whose designs were gradually introduced into the circulating British coinage from mid-2008.〔("Royal Mint unveils new UK coins" ), 2 April 2008〕 The designs for the 1p, 2p, 5p, 10p, 20p and 50p coins depict sections of the Royal Shield that form the whole shield when placed together. The shield in its entirety is featured on the £1 coin. The coin's obverse remains unchanged. The design of the reverse of the coin was changed each year from 1983 through 2008 to show, in turn, an emblem representing the UK, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, and England, together with an appropriate edge inscription. Since 2008, national-based designs have still been minted, but alongside the new standard version, and no longer in strict rotation. The inscription ONE POUND appears on all reverse designs. In common with non-commemorative £2 coins, the £1 coin (except 2004–07 and the 2010–11 'capital cities' designs) has a mint mark: a small crosslet found on the milled edge that represents Llantrisant in South Wales, where the Royal Mint has been based since 1968.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 History of the Royal Mint )〕 The reverse of the new 12-sided pound coin, to be introduced in 2017, was chosen via a public design competition.〔 The competition to design the reverse of the 12-sided, bi-metallic coin was opened in September 2014.〔(New One Pound Coin ) Royal Mint〕 It was won in March 2015 by 15-year-old David Pearce from Walsall, and unveiled by Chancellor George Osborne during his budget announcement. The design features a rose, leek, thistle and shamrock bound by a crown. All years except 1998 and 1999 have been issued into circulation, although the number issued has varied enormously – 1983 and 1984 in particular had large mintages to facilitate the changeover from paper notes, while some years such as 1986 and 1988 are only rarely seen (although 1988 is more noticeable as it has a unique reverse). Production since 1997 has been reduced, thanks to the introduction of the circulating two pound coin. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「One pound (British coin)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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